Globally, freshwater makes up only 0.01% and around 0.8% covers Earth’s surface, however, little amount of this global water which generally homes of more than 0.1 million biological species; out of around the 1.8 million; nearly 6 % of almost identified biological diversity. Freshwater biodiversity and most valued natural resources develop scientific, educational, economic and cultural aspects. Aquatic bodies in Pakistan extents over 882, 000 km2, exist between 24° and 37° north and 61° and 75° east. Pakistan covers 17, 00 km from coastal part of Arabian Sea apertures of River Indus to headwaters between Hundu Kush, Himalaya and Karakoram Mountains and a number of mountain’s peak exceed about 8, 000 meters. Pakistan has 1046 km coastal belt with 22,820 km2 of territorial water bodies and the country has occupy 196,600 km Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). It has three of world’s six biogeography territories with variety of biota and covers fourth richest ecology in the Earth planet and have variety of biomes such as mountains, temperate steppe, desert and seasonal tropical forest. Pakistan spans extensive variety of terrestrial biomes with main twelve regions of vegetation along with permanent snowfields, cold deserts of northern part, arid sub-tropical regions of Sindh and Balochistan. Pakistan encompasses is 80% arid to semi-arid while 12% sub-humid as well as 8% with humid zone and having longer summer and shorter winter seasons, respectively. Multiple factors are evidenced for biodiversity loss which includes rapid growth of human population, poverty, urbanization, deforestation, overgrazing, wild encroachment, soil erosion, salinity, overexploitation, water pollution, flow modification, invasion by exotic species and water logging are considered exertions for existing floral and faunal species in country.
To sustain freshwater biodiversity need managerial measure for conservation of biodiversity, proper functioning of ecosystem, resilience and human workforce for long-term freshwater biodiversity conservation.