Oral Presentation Freshwater Sciences 2023

Long term increases in phosphorus pulses in an oligotrophic wetland undergoing hydrologic restoration. (#163)

Evelyn Gaiser 1 , John Kominoski 1 , Tiffany Troxler 1
  1. Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States

In oligotrophic ecosystems, most phosphorus is found in biota and soils, and water total phosphorus [TP] is below detection. In the oligotrophic Florida Everglades, P is delivered to freshwater wetlands from rainfall, tidal exchange and groundwater discharge, and runoff from upstream regions historically enriched in P. Over the past two decades, increased wet season rainfall, freshwater restoration, sea level rise, and frequent storm surges have altered abiotic and biotic dynamics, changing water [TP] dynamics. Discerning how changes in hydrologic pulses have altered limiting nutrient dynamics is key to adaptively managing freshwater restoration, particularly as climate forecasts predict a more variable hydrologic future. We used a 20-year dataset of monthly and 3 to 7-day water collections to evaluate how water TP pulses have changed in along the Everglades marsh, mangrove, and seagrass gradient. Pulse amplitude and duration were measured by the annual maximum minus the mean and the days that the maximum remained above the mean, respectively. The mean TP pulse amplitude and duration increased throughout the entire ecosystem from 2001-2021. Pulse amplitude increases were greatest in marshes and their duration was longest following droughts, fires, and freshwater restoration projects beginning in the mid-2010s. Pulse magnitude did not change in mangrove estuaries or seagrass meadows, although the legacies of individual P pulses associated with 2005 and 2017 hurricanes and continuous landward delivery of P associated with sea level rise caused a strong positive increase (a press) in water TP over the 20-year record. Although marsh TP values remained in the oligotrophic range, climate change and water management activities increased the availability and movement of P throughout the Everglades ecosystem. This relaxation of nutrient limitation may need to be accounted in expectations of ecosystem response to climate forecasts and restoration alternatives.